The Samoyed dog breed is a beautiful, fluffy dog that showers people with love and affection. These dogs require a lot of grooming and exercise, but they will repay all that attention with loyalty and playful moments that you'll remember for a lifetime.
About the Samoyed dog breed
The Samoyed dog breed is descended from the Russian Reindeer Spitz.1 The breed's name comes from its origin with the Siberian Samoyedic people, who use them for herding reindeer, hunting and more.2 Samoyeds were introduced to England in the 18th century by Arctic explorers, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) first registered them in the United States in 1906.
With such an extensive background helping humans in frigidly cold conditions, it's only natural that the dog instinctually loves cold weather and lots of activity.1
Samoyeds have a friendly appearance
Samoyeds grow to be beautiful, medium-to-large-sized dogs, weighing 35 to 65 pounds.1 Males tend to reach a height of 21 to 23.5 inches, while females are a little smaller, around 19 to 21 inches.2
These dogs are known for their friendly smiles, which also have a utilitarian purpose. The shape decreases drooling, which helps prevent icicles from forming in the cold.3
They have a thick coat
Samoyeds have a thick, double-layer coat.1 The undercoat is denser and soft, while the top layer is straight and long. Because their coats are so thick, they may struggle in warmer climates during the spring or summer. Think twice before shaving though, the thicker coat protects the dog from the radiant heat of the sun. Remember, dogs don't cool themselves by evaporating sweat like people, so that dense coat can actually help cool the skin.
They have three main colors
Samoyeds are typically white, but sometimes they can be a cream or biscuit color.2 The AKC only accepts purebred Samoyeds that are these colors or a mixture of white and biscuit.4
Samoyeds have a personable, energetic temperament
Samoyeds have friendly personalities—they love meeting new people—but they also have lots of energy.1 In fact, they don't tire out easily, which isn't surprising since they're known for hunting and sled pulling! They also can be quite vocal, especially when playing.
They're compatible with children and pets
Samoyeds make great family dogs. They love to play with pets—including other dogs—and they get along great with children.1 However, because they are natural herders, some may have a prey drive that leads them to want to chase cats or small dogs.2
Tips for training and socialization
Since they're so smart, Samoyeds will love going to obedience classes and will pick up on basic commands like "sit" and "stay" quickly.1 Just remember: Samoyeds can be a little stubborn, so it's good to start training and socialization early.5 Start by practicing for a few minutes daily. Once they've learned the basics, they'll crave learning more challenging tricks.
Temperament-wise, the only thing you'll really need to worry about is keeping your Samoyed busy.1 They're not the type of dog that enjoys being left alone in a small room for a long time.
Top health issues Samoyeds may face
Samoyeds are healthy pets who live long, happy lives. But like any breed, they can sometimes encounter health issues that might shorten their average 14-year lifespan.1 Regular veterinarian checkups can help you keep an eye out for these:
1. Heatstroke
In warmer climates or during heat waves, Samoyeds may be in danger of heatstroke because of their thick fur.1
2. Eye issues
Samoyeds are prone to eye issues that could lead to blindness, including progressive retinal atrophy and retinal dysplasia.1 Both can be screened for with DNA testing, although there's no cure. Glaucoma is another eye condition that the Samoyed is predisposed to.2
Another disease with a possible genetic basis in the Samoyed is Uveodermatologic Syndrome, which is an autoimmune disorder causing an inappropriate attack on melanin, the pigmented portion of the skin and eyes.1 Steroids and cyclosporine can help treat this disease.
3. Heart problems
Samoyeds can also have heart problems, which may be detected during routine exams.1 Potential issues include atrial septal defect (a rare type of hole in the heart), aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve with age) and pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the valve from birth.)
4. Kidney issues
Samoyeds may have a genetic kidney disorder called SHG (Samoyed Hereditary Glomerulopathy), which can put the dog at risk of kidney failure.1 While there's no cure, special diets can slow progression.
4. Hip dysplasia
As with many larger breeds, Samoyeds may develop hip dysplasia.1 Weight management and supplements can help, though severe cases may need surgery.2 Regular checkups can help catch it early.
5. Skin allergies
Samoyeds can develop skin allergies to fleas, food or even pollen in the air.5 Symptoms include raw or sore skin, diarrhea, scratching frequently or licking their paws. Your veterinarian can help you pinpoint the trigger and find a treatment, including the right medicated soap or shampoo, or prescription allergy medication.
6. Other issues
Other health issues that your veterinarian can catch early include hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus.2 Stomach bloat is also a concern. Go to the veterinarian immediately if you notice your dog hunched, breathing hard or gagging, which can be signs of stomach bloat.5
Regular checkups and up-to-date vaccinations are key to keeping your Samoyed healthy.1
Living your best life with a Samoyed
Samoyeds make great companions. But as with any dog, you'll want to know about special upkeep considerations before committing.
Feeding and nutrition tips
Feed your Samoyed twice a day.1 Active dogs may need glucosamine and omega-3 supplements as part of a healthy diet to help their joints. Your veterinarian can help you determine the best amount to feed your dog and whether supplements are needed.
The most common nutritional problem seen in Samoyeds (and in dogs in general) is overnutrition causing obesity. Weight gain can predispose your Samoyed to a myriad of health problems.5
Samoyeds need a lot of exercise
Samoyeds are high energy. They'll love activities that involve herding, agility courses, sledding or going for long jogs.1 Keep them on a leash when you're outdoors since they're so friendly that they might wander off. If you need to stay indoors sometimes, just give them lots of playtime to expend their energy. Then they'll enjoy settling down for cuddles too.
While it may vary from individual to individual, Samoyeds need at least two hours of exercise a day.3 On the flip side, they're so smart and energetic that they can be a lot of fun to train and will pick up on things fast.
Samoyeds need consistent grooming for their shedding
With their long, dense fur, Samoyeds need regular bushing.1 They don't need to be bathed frequently unless they get into mud or dirt. But they'll need a de-shedding brush when it's warmer to help cut down on how dense their coat is.
If you don't like brushing your dog, then these frequent shedders might not be the best choice.3 However, many pet owners find that grooming is a great way to bond.
Adopting a Samoyed
Samoyeds are beautiful, friendly dogs that can make a great addition to your family, as long as you have a cool climate to offer and lots of opportunities for exercise and play. Just make sure you research and understand the Samoyed breed's characteristics before making a commitment. If you want to adopt a Samoyed, start your search with reputable organizations like the Samoyed Club of America, the Samoyed Club of America Rescue Groups or AKC Samoyed Breeders.2
From Pets Best
At Pets Best, our dog insurance plans can help you afford any unexpected health issues that may come up as you're raising your Samoyed. Pets Best policyholders can speak to a veterinary expert anytime through a 24/7 Pet Helpline if they have any questions.
Sources
1Priestas, Janelle. (2022, October 5.) Samoyed. PetMD. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/samoyed.
2Mueller, Laura. (2022, March 4.) Samoyed (Sammie): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care. The Spruce Pets. Retrieved from https://www.thesprucepets.com/samoyed-dog-breed-profile-4586270.
3Weishaupt, Jeffrey. (2022, April 28.) What to Know About Samoyeds. Fetch by WebMD. Retrieved from https://pets.webmd.com/dogs/what-to-know-about-samoyeds.
4Samoyed. American Kennel Club. Retrieved from https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/samoyed/.
5(2022, April 10.) The Samoyed Care Guide: Personality, History, Training, Food, and More. The Farmer's Dog. Retrieved from https://www.thefarmersdog.com/digest/the-samoyed-care-guide-personality-history-training-food-and-more/.